1 Listen now to what the LORD says:
"Arise, plead your case before the mountains,
and let the hills hear what you have to say.
2 Hear, you mountains, the LORD's indictment,
and you enduring foundations of the earth;
for the LORD has a case against his people,
and he will contend with Israel.
3 My people, what have I done to you?
How have I burdened you?
Answer me!
4 For I brought you up out of the land of Egypt,
and redeemed you out of the house of bondage.
I sent before you Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.
5 My people, remember now what Balak king of Moab devised,
and what Balaam the son of Beor answered him from Shittim to Gilgal,
that you may know the righteous acts of the LORD."
6 How shall I come before the LORD,
and bow myself before the exalted God?
Shall I come before him with burnt offerings,
with calves a year old?
7 Will the LORD be pleased with thousands of rams?
With tens of thousands of rivers of oil?
Shall I give my firstborn for my disobedience?
The fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?
8 He has shown you, O mortal, what is good. And what does the Lord require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God.
✍
Michael's Note
Three things — nothing more. No sacrifice, no temple ritual, no religious performance. This is the complete summary of what covenant faithfulness looks like. Entirely relational and ethical, not ceremonial.
The rest of this chapter shows what it looks like when all three are absent. If you are acting justly, loving mercy, and walking humbly with God — you cannot simultaneously be in the posture of the cheat. The three requirements and the three violations cannot occupy the same life at the same time.
9 The LORD's voice calls to the city—
and wisdom fears your name—
"Listen to the rod,
and he who appointed it.
10 Are there yet treasures of wickedness in the house of the wicked,
and a short that is accursed?
11 Shall I tolerate dishonest scales,
and a bag of deceitful weights?
12 Her rich men are full of violence,
her inhabitants speak lies,
and their tongue is deceitful in their speech.
✍
Michael's Note
God is indicting the merchants. The short ephah, the dishonest scales, the deceitful weights — these are not accidents or oversights. They are instruments of deliberate theft, engineered to take more from the buyer than was paid for. The rich become rich not by building but by quietly stealing from every transaction, one short measure at a time. This is the specific practice God names and condemns.
This is also the inversion of Micah 6:8. Dishonest scales cannot coexist with acting justly. Rich men full of violence cannot coexist with loving mercy. A tongue deceitful in speech cannot coexist with walking humbly before God. Three requirements. Three violations.
13 Therefore I also have struck you with a grievous wound.
I have made you desolate because of your sins.
14 You shall eat, but not be satisfied.
Your hunger will be within you.
You will store up, but not save,
and that which you save I will give up to the sword.
15 You will sow, but won't reap.
You will tread the olives, but won't anoint yourself with oil;
and crush grapes, but won't drink the wine.
16 For the statutes of Omri are kept,
and all the works of Ahab's house.
You walk in their counsels,
that I may make you a ruin,
and your inhabitants a hissing.
You will bear the reproach of my people."
†6:10
An ephah is a measure of volume (about 22 liters or about 2/3 of a bushel), and a short ephah is made smaller than a full ephah for the purpose of cheating customers.